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  1. ↑ Norman Davies, Europe: a history, trang 131
  2. ↑ Norman Davies, Europe: a history, các trang 98-102.
  3. ↑ Norman Davies, Europe: a history, các trang 151-156.
  4. ↑ Norman Davies, Europe: a history, các trang 244-253.
  5. ↑ Norman Davies, Europe: a history, các trang 301-306.
  6. ↑ Norman Davies, Europe: a history, Oxford University Press, 1996, ISBN 0-19-820171-0. Trang 243.
  7. ↑ Norman Davies, Europe: a history, trang 408
  8. ↑ Norman Davies, Europe: a history, trang 568
  9. ↑ Norman Davies, Europe: a history, trang 485
  10. ↑ Euan Cameron, Early modern Europe: an Oxford history, các trang 222-224.
  11. ↑ Hamish M. Scott, The emergence of the Eastern powers, 1756-1775, trang 1
  12. ↑ Norman Davies, Europe: a history, các trang 649-653.
  13. ↑ Euan Cameron, Early modern Europe: an Oxford history, các trang 313-319.
  14. ↑ “Socrates”. 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1911. Truy cập ngày 4 tháng 3 năm 2008. 
  15. ↑ Rosalind Murray, The Greeks, A. & C. Black, 1931. Trang 43.
  16. ↑ Steven R. Ward, Georgetown University. Center for Peace and Security Studies, Immortal: a military history of Iran and its armed forces, Georgetown University Press, 2009, trang 11. ISBN 1-58901-258-5.
  17. 1 2 3 Steven R. Ward, Georgetown University. Center for Peace and Security Studies, Immortal: a military history of Iran and its armed forces, trang 13
  18. ↑ Jay Luvaas, Napoleon on the Art of War, Simon and Schuster, 2001, ISBN 0-7432-1684-9. Trang 39.
  19. ↑ Jay Luvaas, Frederick the Great on the Art of War, Da Capo Press, 1999, ISBN 0-306-80908-7. Trang 211.
  20. ↑ Christopher Duffy, Frederick the Great: A Military Life, trang 309
  21. ↑ Bowersock, "The Vanishing Paradigm of the Fall of Rome" Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 49.8 (May 1996:29-43) p. 31.
  22. ↑ Hunt, Lynn; Thomas R. Martin, Barbara H. Rosenwein, R. Po-chia Hsia, Bonnie G. Smith (2001). The Making of the West, Peoples and Cultures, Volume A: To 1500. Bedford / St. Martins. tr. 256. ISBN 0-312-18365-8. OCLC 229955165 45837131.  Chú thích sử dụng tham số |coauthors= bị phản đối (trợ giúp)
  23. ↑ history of Europe:: The Middle Ages – Britannica Online Encyclopedia
  24. ↑ Các sự kiện được dùng để đánh dấu sự khởi đầu giai đoạn gồm sự cướp phá thành Rô-ma của người Goths (410), sự phế truất vị Hoàng đế Tây La Mã cuối cùng (476), Trận Tolbiac (496) và cuộc Chiến tranh Gothic (535–552). Các sự kiện đặc biệt đánh dấu sự kết thúc của nó gồm sự thành lập Đế quốc La Mã Thần thánh bởi Otto I Đại đế (962), Sự phân ly Vĩ đại (1054) và cuộc Chinh phục Norman Anh (1066).
  25. ↑ Fletcher, Banister, "Sir Banister Fletcher's A History of Architecture", Architectural Press; 20 edition (ngày 11 tháng 9 năm 1996), ISBN 978-0750622677, pp 172
  26. ↑ The History of the Bubonic Plague
  27. ↑ Scientists Identify Genes Critical to Transmission of Bubonic Plague
  28. ↑ An Empire's Epidemic
  29. ↑ Justinian's Flea
  30. ↑ The Great Arab Conquests
  31. ↑ The Destruction of Kiev
  32. ↑ Cantor, p. 480.
  33. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Norman Davies, Europe: a history, trang 560
  34. ↑ Conquest in the Americas
  35. ↑ và kém thành công hơn là người Thụy Điển và Hà Lan.
  36. ↑ Thirty Years' War, Encyclopædia Britannica
  37. ↑ Norman Davies, Europe: a history, trang 554
  38. ↑ Norman Davies, Europe: a history, trang 564
  39. ↑ Germany - The Thirty Years' War - The Peace of Westphalia
  40. ↑ Norman Davies, Europe: a history, trang 629
  41. ↑ Norman Davies, Europe: a history, trang 1284
  42. ↑ Christopher Duffy, The wild goose and the eagle: a life of Marshal von Browne, 1705-1757, Chatto & Windus, 1964, trang 13
  43. ↑ Christopher Duffy, Russia's military way to the West: origins and nature of Russian military power, 1700-1800, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981. Trang 53
  44. 1 2 Norman Davies, Europe: a history, trang 647
  45. ↑ Norman Davies, Europe: a history, trang 656
  46. ↑ Norman Davies, Europe: a history, trang 640
  47. ↑ Gerhard Ritter, The Sword and the Scepter: The Prussian tradition, 1740-1890, University of Miami Press, 1969. Trang 25.
  48. 1 2 Norman Davies, Europe: a history, trang 649
  49. ↑ Christopher Duffy, Borodino and the War of 1812, Seeley, Service, 1972, ISBN 0-85422-077-1.
  50. ↑ Angus Konstam, Poltava 1709: Russia Comes of Age, Osprey Publishing, 1994. ISBN 1-85532-416-4.
  51. ↑ Angus Konstam, Poltava 1709: Russia Comes of Age, Bìa sau
  52. ↑ Gerhard Ritter, Frederick the Great: a historical profile, trang 139
  53. ↑ Angus Konstam, Poltava 1709: Russia Comes of Age, trang 88
  54. ↑ Angus Konstam, Poltava 1709: Russia Comes of Age, trang I
  55. ↑ William J. Duiker, Jackson J. Spielvogel, World History, Tập 1, Cengage Learning, 2009. ISBN 0-495-56902-X.
  56. ↑ Christopher Duffy, The military experience in the age of reason, trang 41
  57. ↑ Christopher Duffy, The military experience in the age of reason, Routledge, 1987. ISBN 0-7102-1024-8.
  58. ↑ Trevor Nevitt Dupuy, The military life of Frederick the Great of Prussia, F. Watts, 1969. Trang 23.
  59. ↑ Christopher Duffy, Frederick the Great: A Military Life, Bìa sau (được Google Book tính là trang 412). Routledge, 1988, ISBN 0-415-00276-1.
  60. 1 2 Christopher Duffy, Frederick the Great: A Military Life, trang XII
  61. ↑ Christopher Duffy, Frederick the Great: A Military Life, trang XVI
  62. ↑ Norman Davies, Europe: a history, trang 648
  63. ↑ Gerhard Ritter, Frederick the Great: a historical profile, trang 76
  64. ↑ Gerhard Ritter, Frederick the Great: a historical profile, trang 140
  65. ↑ Gerhard Ritter, Frederick the Great: a historical profile, trang 91
  66. ↑ Christopher Duffy, Frederick the Great: A Military Life, trang 73
  67. ↑ Gerhard Ritter, Frederick the Great: a historical profile, trang 92
  68. ↑ Gerhard Ritter, Frederick the Great: a historical profile, trang 95
  69. ↑ Gerhard Ritter, Frederick the Great: a historical profile, trang 54
  70. ↑ Gerhard Ritter, Frederick the Great: a historical profile, trang 42
  71. 1 2 Gerhard Ritter, Frederick the Great: a historical profile, trang 133
  72. ↑ Gerhard Ritter, Frederick the Great: a historical profile, trang 132
  73. 1 2 Gerhard Ritter, Frederick the Great: a historical profile, trang 96
  74. ↑ Gerhard Ritter, Frederick the Great: a historical profile, trang 186
  75. ↑ Gerhard Ritter, Frederick the Great: a historical profile, trang 115
  76. ↑ Christopher Duffy, Frederick the Great: A Military Life, trang 311
  77. ↑ Christopher Duffy, Frederick the Great: A Military Life, trang 153
  78. ↑ Gerhard Ritter, Frederick the Great: a historical profile, University of California Press, 1968. Trang 125.
  79. ↑ Christopher Duffy, Frederick the Great: A Military Life, trang 242
  80. ↑ Gerhard Ritter, Frederick the Great: a historical profile, trang 126
  81. ↑ Gerhard Ritter, Frederick the Great: a historical profile, trang 127
  82. ↑ Gerhard Ritter, The Sword and the Scepter: The Prussian tradition, 1740-1890, trang 30
  83. ↑ Christopher Duffy, Frederick the Great: A Military Life, trang 263
  84. ↑ Christopher Duffy, Frederick the Great: A Military Life, trang 266
  85. ↑ Christopher Duffy, Frederick the Great: A Military Life, trang 271
  86. ↑ Gerhard Ritter, Frederick the Great: a historical profile, trang 197
  87. ↑ Christopher Duffy, Frederick the Great: A Military Life, trang 279
  88. ↑ Christopher Duffy, Frederick the Great: A Military Life, trang 281
  89. ↑ Christopher M. Clark, Iron kingdom: the rise and downfall of Prussia, 1600-1947, trang XXII
  90. ↑ Gerhard Ritter, Frederick the Great: a historical profile, trang 154
  91. ↑ Business and Economics. Leading Issues in Economic Development, Oxford University Press US. ISBN 0-19-511589-9 Read it
  92. ↑ Russell Brown, Lester. Eco-Economy, James & James / Earthscan. ISBN 1-85383-904-3 Read it
  93. ↑ Norman Davies, Europe: a history, trang 725
  94. ↑ Norman Davies, Europe: a history, trang 738
  95. ↑ Norman Davies, Europe: a history, trang 348
  96. ↑ Christopher M. Clark, Iron kingdom: the rise and downfall of Prussia, 1600-1947, trang 325
  97. ↑ Christopher M. Clark, Iron kingdom: the rise and downfall of Prussia, 1600-1947, Harvard University Press, 2006, ISBN 0-674-02385-4. Trang 589.
  98. ↑ The Treaty of Versailles and its Consequences
  99. ↑ “A Europe without frontiers”. Europa (web portal). Truy cập ngày 25 tháng 6 năm 2007. 

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